A topic is mastered at 75% or better on its practice, and then retained through spaced reviews on an expanding schedule. Passing once is not mastery; still holding it three weeks later is.
Effort and mastery are measured separately on purpose. Rungs count work done. Mastery counts what stuck. A day can be full of one and light on the other, and the ladder wants to show you both rather than blend them into a single number that hides which is which.
See Understanding Rungs for how effort is counted.
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